Write a paragraph describing how Spenser uses the sonnet form to phrase questions that set up the powerful final couplet.

In "My Love is Like to Ice" by Edmund Spenser, Spenser uses the sonnet form to phrase questions that set up the final couplet, however, he does not use the correct sonnet form because he uses the quatrains to ask the questions and the couplet for the answer. In all other sonnets, there are three quatrains and a couplet, but in his sonnet, there is only two quatrains with a three line group and a couplet. Also, his sonnet does not state the problem in the octave and give the resolution in the sestet like all other sonnets. He uses a majority of his sonnet to give the problem found in his questions. He asks three questions per  rhyming group, while taking up 11 lines. The questions set up the powerful couplet where he states the resolution/answer instead of spending 6 lines on it. Because the resolution is only in the couplet, it is more direct and thus powerful. Spenser uses the sonnet form to ask three questions in the first 11 lines to give the powerful resolution in the couplet.

Write a paragraph that gives and explains several examples of imagery and allusion in Rossetti's Sonnet. Include one example from the octave, and one from the sestet.

In "The Kiss" by Rossetti, Rossetti uses an allusion to Orpheus in the octave and an imagery for love in the sestet. Orpheus was a musician who could not get over his wife's death. He loved her very much and wanted her alive again. Rossetti uses an allusion to him to show how great the kiss the narrator experienced was compared to how good the kiss that "Orpheus longed for when he wooed the half-drawn hungering face with that last lay." (l.7-8) Rossetti uses  imagery in the sestet for the feeling of love. The narrator "was a child beneath her touch." (l.9) He used imagery to show a sensory experience. The experience that Rossetti is trying to demonstrate when he felt "like a child beneath her touch" was a feeling of weakness for her. Rossetti uses an allusion to Opheus in the octave, and imagery in the sestet to describe feeling weak for someone.

Write a paragraph that explains the issue outlined in the octave, and how Rossetti "turns" the sonnet in line 9.

In "A Sonnet" by Rossetti, the octave involves a sonnet's everlasting life and its importance and Rossetti "turns" the sonnet in line 9 by describing the death to a sonnet. In the octave, he describes a sonnet as "a moment's monument"(l.1) and a "memorial from the Soul's eternity." (l.2) He shows sonnets to be important whether its for "lustral rite or dire portent." (l.4) He feels it does not matter what the sonnet is for or about, it is still important and powerful. Rossetti "turns" the sonnet in line 9 by showing the sonnets way to death. He uses a simile with a coin and a sonnet. "Its face reveals the soul, --its converse, to what Power 'tis due." The power of the sonnet is what it will give to Charon's palm as "it pay[s] the toll to Death" (l.14) as either a tribute or a gift. Rossetti uses the octave to show a sonnet's everlasting life and importance, and "turns" at the sestet to describe a sonnet's death.

Write a paragraph explaining how Sir Walter Raleigh uses the English Sonnet form to warn about the pitfalls of growing older.

In "Sir Walter Raleigh To His Son" by Sir Walter Raleigh, he uses the English Sonnet form to warn about the pitfalls of growing older by beginning with the problem and ending with the resolution. He starts with the octave, which states the problem and issue. The problem consists of the Wood, the Weed, and the Wag. The Wood represents a tree, the Weed represents  the string for hanging a man, and the Wag represents the villain to be hanged. He warned that "when they meet, they one another mar." (l.4). In the sestet, Raleigh stated the resolution to the problem to his son. He tells his son to never let himself be joined with the Wood and the Weed and to always beware of them. He told him to beware of them because "while these assemble not, green springs the tree, hemp grows, the wag is wild." (l.9-10) Raleigh uses the English Sonnet form to warn his son of growing older by using the octave to bring up the problem and by using the sestet as a resolution and a way to avoid the problem.

What ideas of marriage of his time does Chaucer satirize through the use of his characters in The Canterbury Tales?

  In The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Chaucer uses his characters to convey a point and satirize a subject. In most of his tales, he spends time trying to satirize different aspects of marriage and the role women have in a marriage, especially in "The Miller's Tale", "The Wife of Bath's Prologue" and "Wife of Bath's Tale", and "The Merchant's Tale". Chaucer satirizes ideas of marriage through the use of his characters by mocking the idealistic view of marriage, an older man's desire to marry a younger woman, and the role of women in a marriage.

Chaucer, through the use of his characters and narrator, mocks the idealistic view of marriage in order to prove that marriage is not full of bliss. In "The Merchants Tale", he satirizes marriage as a blissful communion through the use of the character January. Chaucer mocks the idea that “bachelors are beset by grief and woe… [,but] a married man achieves a state of bliss that’s orderly and fortunate” (358). Chaucer is trying to prove that a bachelor’s life is full of bliss until he marries. January thought that marriage would be full of bliss and happiness, which is why he decided to marry. He also felt that “to take a wife is a most glorious thing.” (357) Chaucer uses January to help show that taking a wife and marrying is not an enjoyable way of life. January also had the false perception that his wife would not interfere with his decisions. January felt that with wives, “ never once[does she] say ‘no’ when he says ‘yes.’"(359) Chaucer portrays January in this way in order to prove that wives do not always agree with their husband. Chaucer felt it necessary to satirize the idealistic view of marriage in order to show that marriage is not full of rapture and ecstasy.

  Chaucer satirizes the desire a man has to be married to a younger woman, with the intention of proving that marrying young, attractive women has its drawbacks. The old lady in "The Wife of Bath’s Tale" is accused by her husband, the knight, of being old and ugly. She thinks it is better that she’s “old and fouler than a fen [because the knight will] need not fear to be a cuckold” (291). A young and beautiful woman is more likely to cuckold her husband because of her age and beauty which other men desire. January, who was looking for a bride had strict requirements. “The woman must on no account be old, certainly under twenty…[and her] flesh should be young though fish should be mature.” (361) Chaucer shows the desire of an older man for a young woman and mocks the desire, as he thinks that younger woman cause problems. Chaucer does the same thing with the carpenter in "The Miller’s Tale" to prove that young women should not be desired. The “carpenter had married a new wife…of eighteen years…[and] jealous he was and kept her in a cage.” (89) Geoffrey Chaucer tries to make the point that if a man marries a young and attractive woman, he will live a life full of jealousy trying to keep her away from other men. Geoffrey satirizes the desire for men to marry young women, to try and prove that younger woman cause problems to the husband.

Geoffrey Chaucer satirizes the roles that women have in a marriage, in order to show how little respect women receive from their husbands and to demonstrate that women deserve equality. January, soon after marrying May, "begged her then to strip her garments off for he would have some pleasure of her...and she obeyed." (376) May did not have a choice because men during Chaucer's era controlled their wives. He is making the point that women should have a say in what they do through the use of January and May. He also uses the example of the Wife of Bath to show a woman in a man's position in marriage to mock how women are treated. The Wife of Bath was a dominant wife and "made ...[her husbands] work at night" and give up their money to her. (264) Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath, not to try and prove that women should be the dominant ones in marriage, but to mock how men treat women in order to show that women deserve equality. The carpenter in "The Miller's Tale" had a beautiful, young wife of whom he loved. "She was a daisy... for any noblewoman to take to bed." (90) Here, Chaucer uses the carpenter and his wife to mock the role of women as being only to give pleasure to the man. Chaucer ridicules the role woman have to their husband in order to show that woman should have equal roles as their husband.

  Geoffrey Chaucer satirizes ideas and parts of marriage during his era through the use of his characters by mocking the idealistic view of marriage, the desire for an older man to marry a younger woman, and the role of women in a marriage. Satirizing, the method Chaucer uses to prove his points, is an effective way for one to mock a certain idea in order to show what one's opinions are.

Thesis Statement

Chaucer satirizes ideas of marriage of his time through the use of his characters by mocking the idealistic view of marriage, the desire for an older man to want to marry a younger woman, and the role of women in a marriage.

Topic: Marriage and the role of women

Q: What ideas of marriage of his time does Chaucer satirize through the use of his characters in The Canterbury Tales?

    

    In "The Pardoner's Tale" and "The Pardoner's Prologue" by Geoffrey Chaucer, the Pardoner reveals that he is a deceptive, greedy, and hypocritical man. The Pardoner who preaches and grants indulgences for a price, deceives the people with his preaching by "speak[ing] some words in Latin-- just a few -- to put a saffron tinge upon [his] preaching." (241) He also deceives the people into think that a bone dipped into a well can do a few unrealistic things, one of which is to cure jealousy. According to the Pardoner, if you "use but this water when you make his broth, and never again will he mistrust his wife." (242) The Pardoner uses his job solely for "the pence, and specially for [himself], for [his] exclusive purpose is to win." (243) He does not use his job to preach Christianity, he uses it for a profit out of his own greed. The Pardoner preaches how bad gluttony is and how it is "our first distress...[and the] cause of our first confusion, first temptation, the very origin of our damnation." (245) However, the Pardoner drinks "a draught of corn-ripe ale" right as he is about tell his tale, showing his hypocrisy. (244) The Pardoner's deceptiveness, greediness, and hypocrisy are revealed in his prologue and tale and describe him as a person.

    Through the Pardoner, Chaucer tries to show that the Church is corrupt, self-indulgent, and untrue to their principles. From the way Chaucer shows how the Pardoner deceives people into buying pardons/indulgences that have no meaning, he is trying to show how corrupt the Church is and their goal to gain money and deceive people by offering a way to grant a pardon for a price. The Church convinces and deceives the people by telling them that if they pay a certain fee, their sin will be pardoned, which obviously is not true since sins cannot disappear with a fee. The Pardoner who uses his job only for "the pence, and specially for [himself]," is used by Chaucer to show the greed and self-indulgence that the Church has. (243) They make people pay a fee to have their sins pardoned for profit of the Church. Chaucer utilizes the Pardoner's behavior to signify the Church's values and how they do not follow them. The Pardoner drinks "a draught of corn-ripe ale" although the Church teaches that gluttony is "the very origin of our damnation." (244,245) The Church in making pardons that cost a fee are not sticking to their own values of the Church. Chaucer points out the Church's corruptness, self-indulgence, and inability to stick to their own values through the Pardoner. 

Wife of Bath Inferences/Facts

Dominant

"in the married life in which I've been an expert as a wife, that is to say, myself have been the whip." (263)

Manipulative

"But as I had them eating from my hand and as they'd yielded me their gold and land... I set them so to work." (264)

Talkative

"But listen. Here's the sort of thing I said..." (264)

Confident

"No sooner than one husband's dead and gone some other Christian man shall take me on" "I am free to wed, o' God's name, where it pleases me." (259)

Feminist

"One may advise a woman to be one; Advice is no commandment in my view. He left it in our judgement what to do." (260)

Sure of Her Ideas

"God bade us all to wax and multiply." "No word of what the number was to be, then why not marry two or even eight?" (259)

Lusty

"In wifehood I will use my instrument as freely as my Maker me it sent." (262)

Greedy

"I never would abide in bed with them if hands began to slide till they had promised ransom." "His pleasures were my profit." (269)

Stubborn

"Young, strong and stubborn, I was full of rage and jolly as a magpie in a cage." (270)

Well Informed on Bible

"I know Abraham was a holy man and Jacob too... yet each of them, we know, had several brides, like many another holy man besides." (260)

According to Chaucer, how are the poor more wealthy than those with great loads of money?

    In "The Wife of Bath's Tale" by Geoffrey Chaucer, according to Chaucer, the poor are more wealthy than people with great amounts of money because the poor have greater knowledge through God, better wisdom, and do not have to worry about having something stolen. The poor become very wealthy from the knowledge they obtain whenever they feel lowly, which bring themselves closer to God. They gain their knowledge from learning what is holy. Poor people are wealthier than rich people, also, because they have wisdom that rich people are not capable of having. This wisdom is from working hard to improve their social standing patiently, but accepting where they are at the time. Rich people always live in worry and fear of having something stolen from them, while poor people can be relieved that they do not have anything to be stolen. Because poor people have nothing to be stolen, they can live better lives with a wealth of knowledge, wisdom, and happiness. Because poor people do not have any money, they learn important aspects of life and become wise and knowledgeable with wealth, much more than the wealth that rich people have.